Understand the problem
Restate the problem precisely. Interviewers reward candidates who pause, define the contract, and name the guarantees before coding.
Given a string `path`, which is an absolute path (starting with a slash '/') to a file or directory in a Unix-style file system, convert it to the simplified canonical path. In a Unix-style file system, a period '.' refers to the current directory, a double period '..' refers to the directory up a level, and any multiple consecutive slashes (i.e. '//') are treated as a single slash '/'. Any other format of periods such as '...' are treated as file/directory names. The canonical path should: start with a single slash; have directories separated by a single slash; not end with a trailing slash; only contain the directories on the path from the root.
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